Guns versus butter is a macroeconomics phrase that illustrates the dilemma that nations face in deciding their spending priorities. One veteran recalled being gang raped by her drill sergeant and four other soldiers, who then broke several bones in her body and urinated on her. But he also notes that the Korean and Vietnam wars included many atrocities committed by American troops against civilians. The wealthy European countries that compose the bulk of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), an international consortium, spend 2.5 percent of their total economy (gross domestic product, or GDP) on their militaries. Question. The Three "Waves" That Built the Portfolio. This episode of Social Science of War examines a range of issues related to Army talent managementfrom the ways in which service in the. Since 1993, US armed forces have waged war in Iraq and in Afghanistan and also joined international military operations in such countries as Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Libya. Our guests begin by discussing Russian grand strategy and by framing the threat posed by Russia to US national security. Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. Between 1861 and 1865, at least 618,000 and perhaps as many as 750,000 soldiers in both the Union and the Confederacy died on the battlefield or from disease. Sources: Fischer, H. (2005). But many observers say that the United States has neglected the veterans of later wars. These effects are similar to those for civilians, and include anxiety, depression, PTSD, poorer physical health, and poorer job performance (in this case, their military duties). Retrieved from http://www.timesleader.com/stories/A-concerted-effort-needed-to-help-homeless-veterans-COMMENTARY-STATE-SEN- LISA-BAKER,89325?search_filter=A+concerted+effort+needed+to+help+homeless +veterans &town_id=1&sub_type=stories. Federal spending includes both mandatory and discretionary spending. Introduction. Recall that when weather disasters and other environmental changes cause drought and other problems, crops and other resources become scarcer. Quality and affordable writing services. At the end of that war, however, the nuclear age began when the United States dropped two atomic weapons on Japan that killed tens of thousands instantly and tens of thousands more from radiation exposure. (2012, February 8). Of these reported cases, only one-fifth went to trial, and only half of these defendants were convicted. A quick calculation shows that about 11 percent of the worlds population died from the Mongolian wars, while 2 percent died from World War II. In fact, rape and sexual assault are the leading cause of PTSD among women veterans, while combat trauma is the leading cause of PTSD among male veterans. Drew, C. (2011, March 30). For example, the F-35 fighter aircraft has been plagued with management problems, huge cost-overruns, [and] substantial performance shortfalls, according to a recent news report (Kaplan, 2012). A., & Wilson, S. M. (2010). American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Although the truce later dissolved and labor-management conflict resumed, labor eventually won some limited rights thanks partly to its support for the war. As a result, observes one economics writer, most Europeans have universal health care, deeply subsidized education (including free university tuition in many countries), modern infrastructure, good mass transit, and far less poverty than the United States has. Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. 1. The United States has been at war in one-fifth of the years it has existed (Bumiller, 2010). If this high rate had held true during the twentieth century, 2 billion people would have died in twentieth-century wars rather than the 100 million who did die (Pinker, 2012). Before the war, violent labor strikes were common in Britain and other European nations. History shows that when these resources become too scarce within a society, that society is more likely to go to war to wrest these resources from another society (Gleditsch & Theisen, 2010). Their unemployment rate was 13.1 percent in December 2011, compared to only 8.5 percent for the general public; the unemployment rate for veterans ages 2024 was near 30 percent (Dewan, 2011; Zornick, 2012). The National Guard New York National Guard CC BY 2.0. The study involved child soldiers who participated in Sierra . In one example of what Tirman (2011, p. 153) calls a typical massacre, US soldiers arrived at a village that had just been bombed and ordered surviving residents to gather at the center of the town. In Vietnam, Tirman writes, American troops and planes routinely razed villages to the ground, killing villagers indiscriminately, and then evacuated any survivors. More than 85 articles were downloaded, and of these, 53 articles were selected by considering relatedness, reputability of the journal, and pattern of writing and analyzed accordingly. Listen December 26, 2022 00:49:51 One of the most obvious problems is war, which, I would argue, has become obsolete. Hartung, W. D. (2012). Experts disagree over this issue. This same sum could be used to pay the salaries of 10,000 new teachers earning $30,000 per year or to build twenty elementary schools at a cost of $15 million each. Future research will no doubt build on existing studies to further illuminate this significant problem. Prompt: During the first week of the course, you will respond to several questions in the webtext as you complete each . Pollin, R., & Garrett-Peltier, H. (2011). (2011, June 17). It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how . New York, NY: Routledge. Obamas damaging blow to our military. Compared to Europe, then, the United States has chosen guns over butter, leaving far less money for its social needs. Using the example of Mozambique, Guatemala and others, this paper will discuss the way in which . Dewan, S. (2011, December 18). Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/military-preparedness-does-not-come-cheap/2012/02/05/gIQA5PLfsQ_story.html. But veterans are casualties in other ways, as the news story that began this chapter made clear. By contrast, The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspective views war through the lens of the social sciences, looking at the causes, processes and effects of war and drawing from a vast group of fields such as communication and mass media, economics, political science and law, psychology and sociology. Although wars, other armed conflicts, terrorism, and genocide certainly continue, and 100 million is a terribly high number of deaths, the world overall is in fact more peaceful now than in the past. Another issue would be the stress on the families who have a service member deployed in a war zone . As one scholar said of the military bases, It makes as much sense for the Pentagon to hold onto 227 military bases in Germany as it would for the post office to maintain a fleet of horses and buggies (vanden Heuvel, 2011). To be blunt, American troops simply shot untold hundreds of Korean and Vietnamese civilians in cold blood. The United States, of course, began with the colonial war against England. Scholars have attempted to explain why human beings wage war. The Union of Concerned Scientists (2009) summarizes their danger bluntly: Nuclear weapons remain the greatest and most immediate threat to human civilization. However more peaceful the world is today, it could easily end at any moment. Other types of less obvious social changes have also resulted from various wars. Marcum has joined a growing community of spouses, parents and partners who, confronted with damaged loved ones returning from war who can no longer do for themselves, drop most everything in their own lives to care for them. Retrieved February 16, 2012, from http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/nuclear_weapons/technical_issues/nuclear-weapons-overview.html. As the Marcums situation indicates, spouses and other family members of veterans also are casualties of war. Explain why war is best understood as a social phenomenon and why nations go to war. social science, any branch of academic study or science that deals with human behaviour in its social and cultural aspects. Choose one of the five social institutions. As Chapter 15 Population and the Environment discussed, population growth may lead to armed conflict of various types, including war, because growing populations need more food, water, and other resources. However, later investigation revealed that the attack never occurred and that the White House lied to Congress and the American people (Wells, 1994). The Second World War triggered a series of rapid and far-reaching social changes in Newfoundland and Labrador. 2023 World War II-style rationing could be an effective way to reduce carbon . This is the longest peace in recorded history by far. One Iraq veteran with these problems is Tom Marcum, who came home with a brain injury, PTSD, and fits of violence and short-term memory loss. The minimum estimate almost matches the number of American deaths in all the other wars the United States has fought, and the maximum estimate greatly exceeds this number (see Table 16.2 US Participation in Major Wars). Women veterans who are raped or sexually assaulted often suffer PTSD. A concerted effort needed to help homeless veterans. Regarding this fear, former US senator and presidential candidate George McGovern (2011, p. 47), a decorated World War II hero, writes, We need to end the false choice between a bloated budget and a weak spine.. Joshua Risner, US Army, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51817_ BAGHDAD_-_Iraqi_Soldiers,_with_the_6th_IA_Division,_ familiarize_themselves_with_their_targets_and_prepare_ for_a_PKC_machine_gun_range_at_Combat _Outpost_402,_here,_Sept._28._In_addition_to_ marksmanship.jpg. . Grimmett, R. E. (2011). US Census Bureau. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Peace Studies Program. New York Times. End of US military segregation set stage for rights movement. Identify two social science issues related to war. Social issues news. SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment ORDER NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT: SNHU Social Science Issues Assignment Identify two social science issues related to war. For every 100,000 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who receive health care from the Veterans Administration, 38 have killed themselves. When a napalm bomb explodes, it ignites an enormous fireball that burns everything in its path. US veterans: By the numbers. The sociology of war is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the macro-level patterns of war making, how societies engage in warfare, the meaning that war has in society, and the relationship between state structure and war making. The Navy plans to purchase twelve of these submarines. Unwarranted Influence: Dwight D. Eisenhower and the military-industrial complex. Many examples of this impact exist, but one well-known example involves the defeat of Germany in World War I, which led to a worsening economy during the next decade that in turn helped fuel the rise of Hitler. tific Monthly 50: 5-17, 1940. Martinez, L., & Bingham, A. Although war is a social phenomenon arising from decisions of political and military officials, other phenomena can make it more likely that these officials will decide to go to war. As a news report summarized these families experience, Ms. Why nations go to war: A sociology of military conflict. Although World War II killed an estimated 55 million people, a smaller percentage of the worlds population died in armed conflict during the twentieth century than in earlier eras. Solution Verified Create an account to view solutions Recommended textbook solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 713 solutions Sociology and You 1st Edition Jon M. Shepard, Robert W. Greene 750 solutions Obamas defense cuts are a drop in the bucket. Second, many societies studied by anthropologists have been very peaceful, suggesting that a tendency to warfare is more cultural than biological. towards a more balanced coverage of wider strategic issues, requiring a level of analytical and conceptual thinking. Virtual reality As wars end, young veterans return to scant jobs. (1971). Use the reading about social institutions in India to identify two social science issues that could be researched She also refused to display the American flag, saying, When I looked at the American flag, I used to see red, white, and blue. Many came back addicted to heroin and other drugs, many were unemployed, and many became homeless. Ashton, A. vanden Heuvel, K. (2011, June 13). In this manner, a genetic tendency for physical aggression and warfare developed and thus still exists today. (2012, January 12). "Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict .
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